from urllib.request import urlopen

class UrlTemplate:
    def __init__(self, template):
        self.template = template

    def open(self, **kwargs):
        return urlopen(self.template.format_map(kwargs))

# 对于这个类，我们可以使用闭包来进行重写
def url_template(template):
    def opener(**kwargs):

        return urlopen(template.format_map(kwargs))
    return opener